--- title: "EU 2024/2881 Limits: PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂ | Aethair" description: "EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (EU) 2024/2881 limit values for PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide: every value and averaging period, who…" url: https://aethair.io/standards/eu_aaqd_2024/ --- Compliance · European Union # EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (EU) 2024/2881 Ambient air: regulatory (EU); limit values to be met by 1 Jan 2030 Directive (EU) 2024/2881, adopted in late 2024, is the European Union's revised ambient air quality law. Its headline change is a significant tightening of the limit values for the main pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide among them), to be met by 1 January 2030. This moves EU limits substantially closer to the World Health Organization's 2021 health-based guidelines. For example, the annual PM2.5 limit falls to 10 µg/m³ and the annual NO₂ limit to 20 µg/m³, roughly halving the previous values. The directive also strengthens rules on monitoring, public information, air quality plans, and citizens' right to compensation for breaches. [Schedule a call](https://calendly.com/d/ctdd-mkr-v9v/aethair-demo-website) [Configure EU 2024/2881 Monitoring](https://aethair.io/build/?params=pm2_5,pm10,no2,so2\&setting=outdoor) At a glance **European Union** Ambient air: regulatory (EU); limit values to be met by 1 Jan 2030 4 parameters · 5 limit values [PM2.5](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm2_5/) [PM10](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm10/) [Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)](https://aethair.io/parameters/no2/) [Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)](https://aethair.io/parameters/so2/) 1 device measures them all - **Aethair PRO** Aethair MultiSense [Official text from European Union](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2881/oj/eng) The standard ## What the 2024 EU Air Quality Directive Is It is the binding legal framework that member states must transpose and meet, and it reshapes what "compliant" air quality means across Europe for the rest of the decade. Limit values ## EU 2024/2881 Limit Values Every value European Union publishes for the 4 parameters below, with its averaging period, as the standard states it. [**PM2.5** Particulate Matter](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm2_5/) **10 µg/m³** *Annual* 2030 limit value (previously 25) [**PM10** Particulate Matter](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm10/) **20 µg/m³** *Annual* 2030 limit value (previously 40) [**Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)** Gases & VOCs](https://aethair.io/parameters/no2/) **20 µg/m³** *Annual* 2030 limit value (previously 40) [**Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)** Gases & VOCs](https://aethair.io/parameters/so2/) **20 µg/m³** *Annual* new annual limit value (2030) **50 µg/m³** *24-hour* 2030 limit value Who it applies to ## Who Must Pay Attention Member-state and municipal authorities carry the legal obligation to monitor and to bring zones into compliance by 2030, through air quality plans where limits are exceeded. But the tighter limits change the calculus for many others: industrial operators near their contribution thresholds, developers and transport authorities whose projects affect local concentrations, low-emission-zone administrators, and consultancies advising on planning and permitting. Because the 2030 limits are much lower, areas comfortably compliant under the old values may fall into exceedance under the new ones, so action and monitoring are needed in more places. Monitoring ## How Monitoring Demonstrates Compliance The directive relies on reference-method fixed monitoring at prescribed sampling-point densities, supplemented by modeling and indicative measurements. As with other ambient frameworks, the pollutants span particulate matter, ozone, and several gases, so a station targeting the directive combines a particulate monitor, an ozone analyzer, and a multi-gas unit, with meteorology for source attribution. The move toward the stricter 2030 values raises the premium on accurate, well-sited, continuously operating instruments, since the margin between typical urban concentrations and the limit narrows considerably. [Customize this configuration](https://aethair.io/build/?params=pm2_5,pm10,no2,so2\&setting=outdoor) ### Who measures each parameter | Parameter | Aethair PRO | Aethair IAQ | External | | - | - | - | - | | [PM2.5](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm2_5/) | Built in | Built in | [3 instruments](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm2_5/) via Thiamis | | [PM10](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm10/) | Built in | Built in | [3 instruments](https://aethair.io/parameters/pm10/) via Thiamis | | [Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)](https://aethair.io/parameters/no2/) | NO₂, MultiSense +1 cartridges | — | [1 instrument](https://aethair.io/parameters/no2/) via Thiamis | | [Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)](https://aethair.io/parameters/so2/) | MultiSense, SO₂ cartridges | — | [1 instrument](https://aethair.io/parameters/so2/) via Thiamis | Devices ## Devices That Cover EU 2024/2881 How much of this standard one Aethair monitor covers, followed by the third-party instruments in the sensor catalog that measure its parameters. Each connects to Environet through a Thiamis gateway, which adds whatever the monitor leaves out. Aethair monitors [**Aethair PRO** Built in + Aethair MultiSense Covers all 4](https://aethair.io/products/pro/) Covers part of it (combine on one Thiamis) [**TSI DustTrak** Particulate & Dust Monitors 2 of 4: PM10, PM2.5](https://aethair.io/sensors/tsi-particulate-dust-monitors/) [**Met One E-BAM** Particulate & Dust Monitors 2 of 4: PM10, PM2.5](https://aethair.io/sensors/met-one-particulate-dust-monitors/) [**RAE** Gas Detectors 2 of 4: NO₂, SO₂](https://aethair.io/sensors/rae-gas-detectors/) [**Trolex** Particulate & Dust Monitors 2 of 4: PM10, PM2.5](https://aethair.io/sensors/trolex-particulate-dust-monitors/) Solutions ## Solutions Judged Against EU 2024/2881 ### [Outdoor Monitoring](https://aethair.io/solutions/outdoor-monitoring/) Continuous outdoor air quality networks that sit alongside reference monitors [All solutions](https://aethair.io/solutions/) Questions ## EU 2024/2881 FAQ What changes under the 2024 directive compared to before? The main change is much lower limit values for 2030 (for instance annual PM2.5 down to 10 µg/m³ and annual NO₂ down to 20 µg/m³, roughly half the previous limits). They bring EU law closer to the [WHO 2021 guidelines](https://aethair.io/standards/who_aqg_2021/). It also strengthens monitoring requirements, public information, air quality planning, and the right to compensation for breaches. When do the new limits apply? The revised limit values must be met by 1 January 2030. Member states must transpose the directive into national law before then and put air quality plans in place where zones are projected to exceed the limits. Does the EU directive match the WHO guidelines? It moves toward them but does not fully match them. The 2030 limits are stricter than before yet in several cases remain above the WHO 2021 health-based values, reflecting a balance between health goals and feasibility. The directive includes a mechanism to review and align further over time. How do I monitor against the EU directive? Deploy an ambient station covering PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, SO₂, and ozone with meteorology. For compliance, use the reference methods (for PM10 and PM2.5, the [EN 12341](https://aethair.io/standards/en_12341/) gravimetric method) or instruments shown to be equivalent; use lower-cost sensors for spatial coverage. Use the configurator to build a configuration for your zone.